Is a preliminary hearing required in misdemeanor cases?

November 1, 2022 by stephenh

A preliminary hearing (“preliminary examination” under the Utah State Constitution) is an opportunity for the court to determine whether the prosecution has enough evidence to justify moving the case forward to trial. If the court finds that the evidence establishes probable cause to believe that a charged crime has occurred and that the defendant is the person who committed the crime, the judge (acting as magistrate) will enter a “bindover” order requiring further proceedings moving toward trial. A preliminary hearing (“examination”) or a waiver by both parties is required in all felony cases, and also in any class A misdemeanor case. Misdemeanor cases involving only class B or class C level misdemeanors do not require a preliminary hearing.

Does a prosecutor have to provide copies of search warrant affidavits?
Under Rule 16 of the Utah Rules of Criminal Procedure (2022), a prosecutor is required to disclose and provide the defense with a copy of any warrant relating to the case. This includes any search warrants. The rule also requires prosecutors to turn over copies of any warrant affidavits filed in support of such warrants. When a judge signs a search warrant in Utah, the court should require an affidavit from the officer seeking the warrant. The affidavit is supposed to set out the facts believed to establish probable cause to justify the warrant. That affidavit must also be provided…
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Constitutional due process and double jeopardy protections affect the question of when a prosecutor can file new or different charges in a criminal case. Utah's Rule 4(d) of the Rules of Criminal Procedure provides that a prosecutor can file an amended information with new, additional, or different charges any time prior to the beginning of a criminal trial, "so long as the substantial rights of the defendant are not prejudiced." Jeopardy is considered to "attach" to a case once a jury is empaneled or, in a bench trial, when the first witness is called and sworn. In order to comply…
What is an arraignment hearing?
In a misdemeanor criminal case, the arraignment hearing is the first court hearing held. The judge will read the formal charges and ask the defendant to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. The judge may also ask the defendant if an attorney has been hired, if a public defender is being requested, or if the defendant intends to represent himself.
What is the first felony court hearing in Utah?
The first hearing in a misdemeanor criminal case is normally the "arraignment" hearing, where the judge will read the charges formally filed in the case and ask the defendant to enter plea of either guilty or not guilty. In Utah felony cases, the arraignment does not occur until after the case has been "bound over" for trial in the district court. The first felony court hearing is sometimes referred to simply as an "initial appearance" or "felony first hearing."
Should I plead guilty or not guilty at arraignment?
The Constitution creates a presumption of innocence and requires that the prosecution prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt in any criminal case. Entering a plea of "guilty" at the arraignment erases the presumption of innocence and relieves the prosecution of the burden of proof. In almost every case, it will make sense to enter a plea of "not guilty" at the arraignment stage of the case, even if you plan to eventually resolve the case. Your attorney can help you decide what strategy is most likely to achieve the results you need.

Is a preliminary hearing required in misdemeanor cases?

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